Astrid Kizy Primadani, Elli Hidayati, Asry Novianty, Hirfaturrahmi Hirfaturrahmi

Impact of Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and The Incidence of Preeclampsia: Systematic Literature Review

Introduction

Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index and the incidence of preeclampsia: systematic literature review. Explore the impact of pre-pregnancy BMI on preeclampsia incidence. This systematic review finds high BMI significantly increases preeclampsia risk, highlighting the importance of weight management for prevention.

Abstract

The incidence of preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, where the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is suspected to be one of the significant risk factors but requires a comprehensive synthesis of evidence. This study aims to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI on the incidence of preeclampsia. The method used is a systematic literature review with article searches in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, and ScienceDirect databases published in the last 5 years. The review results show that out of the 11 analyzed articles, all studies reported a significant relationship between increased pre-pregnancy BMI and the incident risk of preeclampsia. Woman who are underweight before pregnancy have a lower risk of preeclampsia, while those who are overweight or obese have higher incidence of preeclampsia. Regardless of adjustments for confounding factors, this study present that a high pre-pregnancy BMI is an risk factor for the occurrence of preeclampsia, making weight management before pregnancy very important as an effective primary prevention strategy.

Review

This systematic literature review addresses a highly pertinent and critical public health issue: the relationship between pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and the incidence of preeclampsia. Given preeclampsia's status as a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on its modifiable risk factors is invaluable. The study's clear objective to analyze and synthesize existing scientific evidence on the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI on preeclampsia is well-defined and directly targets a key area for potential intervention. The use of a systematic review methodology promises a structured approach to evidence compilation, which is essential for drawing robust conclusions on such an important topic. The review demonstrates strong methodological rigor by searching multiple reputable databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect) and focusing on recent publications from the last five years, ensuring the synthesis is current and comprehensive within its defined scope. A significant strength lies in the consistency of its findings: all 11 analyzed articles unequivocally reported a significant relationship between increased pre-pregnancy BMI and a higher risk of preeclampsia. Specifically, the findings highlight that women who are underweight before pregnancy face a lower risk, whereas those classified as overweight or obese demonstrate a considerably elevated risk. Crucially, the abstract notes that this association holds "regardless of adjustments for confounding factors," underscoring the independent and potent nature of pre-pregnancy BMI as a risk factor. This robust evidence strongly supports the study's central recommendation for pre-pregnancy weight management as a vital primary prevention strategy. While the review provides compelling evidence and a clear call to action, an expert reviewer might consider aspects not fully detailed in the abstract, such as the quality assessment of the 11 included studies or the specific populations and study designs that contributed to the synthesis. Despite these potential areas for further elaboration within the full paper, the presented findings offer a powerful and consistent message. This study makes a significant contribution to maternal health literature, reinforcing the critical role of pre-conception health and weight optimization. It provides strong support for integrating pre-pregnancy weight management into routine public health initiatives and antenatal care guidelines, ultimately aiming to reduce the global burden of preeclampsia.

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