Diagnosis dan tatalaksana infection-related glomerulonephritis
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Gede Wira Mahadita, I Gede Suprayoga Sukmana Putra

Diagnosis dan tatalaksana infection-related glomerulonephritis

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Introduction

Diagnosis dan tatalaksana infection-related glomerulonephritis. Pelajari diagnosis dan tatalaksana glomerulonefritis terkait infeksi (IRGN). Temukan penyebab, manifestasi klinis, metode diagnosis histopatologi, serta strategi pengelolaan.

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Abstract

Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is a glomerular disorder caused by infection that includes 4 entities, namely post Streptococcal glomerulonephritis, IgA-dominant infection-related glomerulonephritis, endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis, and shunt nephritis. The precise incidence is difficult to determine because most of the cases are usually subclinical. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are the two most dominant pathogens of the infection. Yet the exact underlying mechanism of IRGN is still unknown, deposition of circulating immune complexes in the glomerulus is still become the most accepted theory until today. The clinical manifestation varies from asymptomatic proteinuria to end stage renal disease. Hypocomplementemia is the most common laboratory finding. Diagnosis is confirmed with histopathology examination using light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Management of IRGN includes supportive treatment and eradication of infection. The use of immunosuppression therapy is still debated due to lack of data exposing the benefit of this modality. Glomerulonefritis terkait infeksi (IRGN) adalah gangguan glomerulus yang disebabkan oleh infeksi, yang mencakup empat entitas, yaitu glomerulonefritis pasca Streptococcus, glomerulonefritis terkait infeksi dengan dominasi IgA, glomerulonefritis terkait endokarditis, dan nefritis shunt. Insidensi yang tepat sulit ditentukan karena sebagian besar kasus biasanya bersifat subklinis. Streptococcus dan Staphylococcus merupakan dua patogen dominan penyebab infeksi. Namun, mekanisme pasti di balik IRGN masih belum diketahui, dan deposisi kompleks imun sirkulasi di glomerulus tetap menjadi teori yang paling diterima hingga saat ini. Manifestasi klinis bervariasi dari proteinuria tanpa gejala hingga penyakit ginjal stadium akhir. Hipokomplementemia merupakan temuan laboratorium yang paling umum. Diagnosis dikonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan histopatologi menggunakan mikroskop cahaya, imunofluoresensi, dan mikroskop elektron. Pengelolaan IRGN meliputi pengobatan suportif dan eliminasi infeksi. Penggunaan terapi imunosupresi masih diperdebatkan karena kurangnya data yang menunjukkan manfaat dari modalitas ini.



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