Ayu Febriani, St Aisyah Sijid, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain

Review: Anemia defisiensi besi

Introduction

Review: anemia defisiensi besi. Pahami anemia defisiensi besi (ADB), jenis anemia gizi yang umum di Indonesia. Pelajari prevalensi pada ibu hamil, remaja, dan anak, penyebab, dan diagnosisnya.

Abstract

Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan jenis anemia gizi yang banyak diderita masyarakat dinegara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Laporan WHO pada 2012 menyatakan sebanyak 35-75% wanita hamil di Indonesia mengalami anemia, mengikut hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahunan (Riskesdas) pada 2013 juga menyebutkan bahwa 17,3% remaja yang tinggal di perkotaan mengalami ADB. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI menemukan sejumlah 75% anak dari total 47 sampel menderita ADB. Anemia ini dapat dialami oleh semua orang, namun risikonya meningkat khususnya bagi kelompok rentan seperti ibu hamil, remaja, serta bayi dan anak-anak yang sedang berada dalam fase pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Anemia ini disebabkan kurangnya cadangan zat besi di dalam tubuh sehingga menghambat proses pembentukan sel darah merah. Faktor terkait yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya anemia defisiensi besi adalah konsumsi zat besi yang kurang, kebutuhan zat besi yang meningkat, kondisi kesehatan, pendarahan serta malabsorbsi zat besi. Penegakan diagnosa pasien dilakukan melalui pengamatan anamnesis serta pengujian hematologi dan biokimia darah pasien di dalam laboratorium.

Review

This review article, titled "Anemia defisiensi besi" (Iron Deficiency Anemia), addresses a critical public health issue, particularly in developing nations such as Indonesia. The abstract effectively highlights the significant burden of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), positioning it as a prevalent nutritional anemia. It underscores the urgency of the topic by citing alarming statistics, including WHO 2012 data indicating 35-75% prevalence in pregnant Indonesian women and Riskesdas 2013 findings of 17.3% among urban adolescents. The abstract further emphasizes the widespread impact of IDA, affecting vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, adolescents, infants, and children during their crucial growth phases. The abstract outlines a clear and comprehensive scope for the review, covering key facets of IDA. It details the underlying pathophysiology, attributing the condition to insufficient iron reserves that impede red blood cell formation. Furthermore, it meticulously enumerates a range of contributing factors, including inadequate iron consumption, increased physiological iron demands, pre-existing health conditions, various forms of bleeding, and issues with iron malabsorption. The abstract also briefly touches upon the diagnostic approach, mentioning the importance of anamnesis complemented by hematological and biochemical blood tests, providing a snapshot of how IDA is clinically identified. Based on the abstract, this review appears to serve as a valuable synthesis of essential information regarding Iron Deficiency Anemia. It effectively establishes the problem's scale and its multifaceted etiology, making it a potentially important foundational resource for healthcare professionals, students, and policymakers. While the abstract proficiently sets the stage, a complete review would ideally delve deeper into each discussed aspect, offering detailed analysis of current research, treatment protocols, and prevention strategies. Nonetheless, the abstract promises a well-structured and relevant overview of IDA, laying a strong groundwork for understanding this significant global health challenge.

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