Emerensiana Uge, Kurnia Paramita Sari, Eriyanto Yusnawan, Alfi Inayati

Pengaruh perlakuan refugia dan jarak tanam kedelai terhadap keragaman musuh alami

Introduction

Pengaruh perlakuan refugia dan jarak tanam kedelai terhadap keragaman musuh alami . Pengaruh refugia dan jarak tanam kedelai pada keragaman musuh alami hama. Temukan bagaimana refugia meningkatkan populasi musuh alami untuk pengendalian hama kedelai yang efektif.

Abstract

Introduction: Soybean cultivation is inseparable from the attack of plant pests. Control of soybean pests, which generally use synthetic pesticides, negatively impacts food products, environmental health, and ecosystem sustainability.  Planting flowering plants around bunds can be useful in increasing the diversity of natural enemies because they can attract and serve as microhabitats for natural enemies. This research to obtain the effect of refugia treatment and soybean spacing on the diversity of natural enemies in soybean plantations. Methods: The study was designed in randomized block design, consisting of refugia and non-refugia treatments and plant spacing of 40 cm x 25 cm (J1) and 50 cm x 25 cm (J2), which was repeated three times. Sampling was carried out in the vegetative and generative phases, using yellow traps and pitfalls installed in the field for 24 hours. Results: The results showed that the most trapped natural enemy families were in the refugia treatment. The total number of trapped natural enemies was highest in the vegetative and generative phases, namely in the refugia and 2 spacing treatments (R-J2). The family of Braconidae order Hymenoptera and the group of parasitoids had the highest numbers in the refugia and non-refugia treatments. The value of the Diversity Index (H') in the refugia treatment and both plant spacings in the two growth phases was moderate, while in the non-refugia treatment, the two plant spacings and both growth phases were small and medium. Generally, the evenness index (D) value for all treatments is known to be small and medium. Conclusion: Refugia treatment and plant spacing affect the number of natural enemy populations, which is expected to suppress the development of pests in soybean cultivation.

Review

This study tackles a crucial aspect of sustainable agriculture: the ecological management of soybean pests to reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The title, "Pengaruh perlakuan refugia dan jarak tanam kedelai terhadap keragaman musuh alami" (Effect of refugia treatment and soybean spacing on the diversity of natural enemies), clearly outlines the research scope. The abstract effectively highlights the environmental and health concerns associated with conventional pest control and introduces the promising role of refugia – flowering plants – in bolstering natural enemy populations. This research is highly pertinent and offers valuable contributions to integrated pest management strategies for soybean cultivation. The methodology employed a Randomized Block Design, comparing refugia versus non-refugia treatments with two different soybean plant spacings (40 cm x 25 cm and 50 cm x 25 cm), replicated three times. Sampling was thoroughly conducted across both vegetative and generative phases using yellow traps and pitfall traps, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of natural enemy diversity. Key findings reveal that refugia treatment significantly increased both the number of natural enemy families and total individuals, with the highest counts observed in the refugia treatment combined with wider spacing (R-J2). Specifically, Braconidae and parasitoid groups were particularly abundant. The Diversity Index (H') was generally moderate in refugia-treated plots, contrasting with smaller to moderate values in non-refugia treatments, thus substantiating the beneficial effect of refugia on biodiversity. In conclusion, the study strongly demonstrates that both refugia treatment and plant spacing are influential factors in shaping natural enemy populations within soybean fields. The evidence that refugia enhances natural enemy diversity and abundance, especially when coupled with an appropriate plant spacing, provides a robust argument for its implementation as an ecological pest management strategy. This research offers practical implications for cultivating soybeans in a more sustainable manner, reducing chemical inputs, and fostering a healthier agroecosystem. Future investigations might consider quantifying the direct impact of this enhanced natural enemy activity on actual pest damage and crop yield, alongside exploring the economic feasibility of large-scale refugia adoption.

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