Maha Rani, Arif Setiawansyah, Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung

Pengaruh Lokasi Tumbuh Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Salam (Sygium polyanthum)

Introduction

Pengaruh lokasi tumbuh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun salam (sygium polyanthum). Pengaruh lokasi tumbuh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) diuji. Ekstrak daun salam dataran tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat.

Abstract

Daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, terpenoid, dan eugenol yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lokasi tumbuh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun salam. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April–Agustus 2024 di Laboratorium Farmasi Universitas Kader Bangsa Palembang dan Laboratorium Kimia STIK Siti Khadijah Palembang. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis menggunakan metode DPPH dengan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun salam dari dataran tinggi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 5,603 ppm, diikuti oleh dataran sedang (8,583 ppm), dan dataran rendah (9,280 ppm). Vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif menunjukkan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 8,554 ppm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) antara lokasi tumbuh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan ketinggian lokasi tumbuh memengaruhi kandungan senyawa aktif dan kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun salam

Review

The study, "Pengaruh Lokasi Tumbuh Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Salam (Sygium polyanthum)," addresses a highly relevant topic concerning the influence of environmental factors on the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants. *Syzygium polyanthum* (Daun Salam) is widely recognized for its rich composition of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and eugenol, which are crucial for its purported antioxidant activity. The stated objective to investigate how different growing locations affect the antioxidant potential of its leaf extract is clear and directly contributes to our understanding of plant-derived therapeutics. The authors appropriately selected maceration with 96% ethanol for extraction and employed the DPPH assay, a standard and reliable method, with Vitamin C as a positive control, alongside preliminary phytochemical screening. The research yielded compelling results, demonstrating a significant impact of growing location on the antioxidant activity of *Syzygium polyanthum* leaf extracts. Notably, the extract from highlands exhibited very strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ of 5.603 ppm), surpassing even the positive control, Vitamin C (IC₅₀ 8.554 ppm). This activity progressively decreased in extracts from medium land (8.583 ppm) and lowlands (9.280 ppm), establishing a clear correlation between higher altitude and enhanced antioxidant efficacy. The statistical analysis confirming a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the locations adds robustness to these findings. The abstract clearly articulates the experimental design and the key quantitative outcomes, providing a strong foundation for the conclusions drawn. These findings are significant as they underscore the critical role of environmental conditions, specifically altitude, in modulating the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites in *Syzygium polyanthum*, consequently affecting its antioxidant power. This study opens avenues for further research, particularly in identifying and quantifying the specific compounds responsible for the observed enhanced activity in highland extracts. Future investigations could delve into the precise environmental parameters (e.g., UV radiation, temperature, soil composition) at each altitude and their direct impact on the biosynthetic pathways. Such research would not only deepen our mechanistic understanding but also have practical implications for optimizing the cultivation of *Syzygium polyanthum* for medicinal or nutraceutical applications, ensuring maximum therapeutic benefit.

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