Aris Budhiyanto

EFEKTIVITAS MATERIAL DINDING DAN ELEMEN PEMBAYANG SELUBUNG PADA KENYAMANAN TERMAL APARTEMEN STUDIO TROPIS

Introduction

Efektivitas material dinding dan elemen pembayang selubung pada kenyamanan termal apartemen studio tropis. Peningkatan kenyamanan termal apartemen studio tropis melalui material dinding ber-U rendah dan elemen pembayang selubung bangunan yang tepat. Simulasi menunjukkan efektivitas signifikan.

Abstract

Selubung bangunan memegang peranan penting terhadap konservasi energi di dalam bangunan dan kenyamanan termal interior. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh desain selubung bangunan terhadap kenyamanan termal di unit apartemen tipe studio di Surabaya yang berorientasi ke timur, dengan fokus pada elemen pembayang, rasio luas jendela terhadap dinding, dan material bangunan. Metode penelitian menggunakan simulasi dengan software Integrated Environmental Solutions-Visual Environment (IES-VE). Simulasi dilakukan pada empat model apartemen dengan variasi desain selubung: Model 1 memodifikasi material dinding dengan nilai U lebih rendah, Model 2 mengurangi rasio jendela terhadap dinding, Model 3 menambahkan elemen pembayang vertikal perforated panel dengan bukaan lebar, sedangkan Model 4 menggunakan perforated panel dengan bukaan kecil. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa Model 1 dan Model 4 secara signifikan mampu menurunkan suhu operatif dan suhu radian rata-rata, masing-masing sebesar 0,83°C dan 1,01°C pada kondisi puncak. Sebaliknya, Model 3 tidak menunjukkan perbaikan berarti karena balkon sudah berfungsi sebagai pembayang horizontal, sehingga penurunan hanya 0,04°C. Dengan demikian, pemilihan material dinding dengan nilai U rendah serta penggunaan elemen pembayang yang tepat terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kenyamanan termal apartemen di iklim tropis.

Review

This study addresses a critically important area concerning building performance in tropical climates: the role of the building envelope in achieving thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Focusing on studio apartments in Surabaya with an east-facing orientation, the research systematically evaluates how various design parameters—specifically wall materials, window-to-wall ratios (WWR), and shading elements—influence indoor thermal conditions. The timely investigation into these factors is highly relevant for promoting sustainable architectural practices and improving livability in dense urban tropical environments. The methodology employed a simulation-based approach using Integrated Environmental Solutions-Visual Environment (IES-VE) software to model four distinct scenarios. These included a modification of wall material to a lower U-value (Model 1), a reduction in the window-to-wall ratio (Model 2), and the addition of vertical perforated panels with wide (Model 3) and small (Model 4) openings. The findings reveal significant insights, with Model 1 and Model 4 demonstrating substantial improvements by lowering operative and radiant temperatures by 0.83°C and 1.01°C, respectively, during peak conditions. Conversely, Model 3, which introduced a wide-opening perforated panel, showed negligible improvement (0.04°C), a finding attributed to the existing horizontal shading provided by the apartment's balcony. The research effectively highlights that strategic choices in building materials, particularly those with low U-values, and the intelligent integration of shading elements are crucial for enhancing thermal comfort in tropical apartments. The nuanced outcome of Model 3 underscores the importance of context-specific design, where existing building features can render certain shading interventions redundant. While the study provides valuable quantitative data through simulation, its findings could be further strengthened by future research incorporating field validation or exploring a broader range of apartment types and orientations. Nonetheless, this paper offers practical and actionable recommendations for architects and developers aiming to design more comfortable and energy-efficient residential buildings in tropical regions.

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