Muhammad Ilyas, Sodikin Sodikin

Akad Perjanjian Perikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) Lunas dan Status Kepemilikannya dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

Introduction

Akad perjanjian perikatan jual beli (ppjb) lunas dan status kepemilikannya dalam perspektif hukum islam. Telusuri status hukum PPJB lunas & peralihan kepemilikan menurut hukum Islam vs. hukum positif Indonesia. Pahami integrasi prinsip untuk keadilan & kepastian hukum properti.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status hukum Akad Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) Lunas dalam kaitannya dengan peralihan hak kepemilikan menurut perspektif hukum Islam. PPJB kerap digunakan sebagai perjanjian pendahuluan dalam transaksi properti, namun menimbulkan persoalan ketika pembeli telah melunasi pembayaran tetapi belum memperoleh pengakuan hak milik secara hukum. Dengan menggunakan metode normatif yuridis, penelitian ini menelaah ketentuan hukum positif, dan prinsip hukum Islam (fiqh muamalah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hukum positif Indonesia, pelunasan pembayaran belum otomatis menyebabkan peralihan hak milik tanpa penandatanganan Akta Jual Beli di hadapan notaris. Dalam hukum Islam, kepemilikan (milkiyyah) dapat dianggap berpindah apabila telah terpenuhi rukun dan syarat jual beli (akad bai’ sahih), meskipun belum disahkan secara formal oleh negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PPJB lunas merupakan janji yang mengikat (wa’d mulzim) yang perlu diintegrasikan antara prinsip hukum Islam dan hukum nasional agar tercapai keadilan dan kepastian hukum sesuai dengan prinsip maqasid al-shariah, terutama dalam perlindungan harta dan hak kepemilikan.

Review

This paper, "Akad Perjanjian Perikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) Lunas dan Status Kepemilikannya dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam," addresses a highly pertinent issue concerning property transactions in contexts where conventional and Islamic legal principles intersect. The authors pinpoint a critical problem: the ambiguity surrounding ownership status when a buyer has fully paid under a Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) but lacks formal legal recognition of ownership. This discrepancy, particularly when viewed through the lens of Islamic law, forms the core of their inquiry, aiming to analyze the legal status of such agreements and the transfer of ownership rights. The research employs a normative juridical method, examining both positive law and *fiqh muamalah* principles to illuminate this complex interplay. The findings reveal a clear divergence between the two legal systems. Under Indonesian positive law, the study confirms that full payment alone does not automatically confer ownership; a formal Deed of Sale and Purchase (AJB) signed before a notary is indispensable. In stark contrast, the paper argues that within Islamic law, the transfer of ownership (*milkiyyah*) can be considered complete once the fundamental pillars and conditions (*rukun* and *syarat*) of a valid sale and purchase contract (*akad bai’ sahih*) are met, regardless of formal state sanction. The identification of a fully paid PPJB as a binding promise (*wa’d mulzim*) effectively highlights the moral and contractual obligation inherent in such transactions from an Islamic perspective, creating a significant legal and ethical tension with the requirements of formal legal systems. Overall, this research makes a valuable contribution by systematically delineating the differences and potential conflicts arising from PPJB Lunas in a pluralistic legal environment. Its conclusion, advocating for the integration of Islamic legal principles with national law to achieve justice and legal certainty in line with *maqasid al-shariah*—specifically in protecting property rights—is commendable. While the abstract points to the necessity of such integration, future research could delve deeper into practical mechanisms and specific jurisprudential frameworks for achieving this synthesis. Nevertheless, the paper successfully underscores the need for a more comprehensive legal framework that accommodates both the formal requirements of the state and the substantive justice concerns embedded in Islamic contractual principles, offering a crucial discussion for policymakers and legal practitioners alike.

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