Febry Nurhidayati, Desy Setyaningrum, Didik Suryadi, Cahyaningtyas Putri Suhita, Dewi Nawang Suprihatin, Anditya Gilang Rizky P, Hardian Ningsih, Dimar Hantari, Edi Paryanto, Zainal Arifin

AGENS HAYATI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN KARAT PUTIH (Puccinia horiana) PADA KRISAN

Introduction

Agens hayati sebagai alternatif pengendalian karat putih (puccinia horiana) pada krisan. Agens hayati menawarkan pengendalian karat putih (Puccinia horiana) pada krisan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Temukan efektivitas BCA dan strategi pengembangan di sini.

Abstract

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.) is an important floricultural commodity in Indonesia. However, its production is seriously threatened by white rust caused by Puccinia horiana. Conventional control still depends on synthetic fungicides, which pose risks of pathogen resistance and environmental contamination. The use of biological control agents (BCAs) offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative within the framework of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This review summarizes current studies on the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma spp., and Cladosporium spp. for managing white rust in chrysanthemum. The main mechanisms include antibiosis, parasitism, competition for space and nutrients, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Research shows that BCAs can suppress P. horiana infection and improve plant growth, although their effectiveness varies depending on environmental conditions, formulation stability, and farmer adoption. Future research should focus on locally adapted isolates, improved formulation technology, and multilocation trials to ensure field consistency. Policy support and farmer participation are also essential to expand the use of BCAs and promote sustainable chrysanthemum production.

Review

This review paper, titled "AGENS HAYATI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN KARAT PUTIH (Puccinia horiana) PADA KRISAN," addresses a highly relevant and pressing issue in floriculture: the sustainable management of white rust (*Puccinia horiana*) in chrysanthemum. The abstract effectively highlights the significant economic threat posed by this pathogen to chrysanthemum production in Indonesia and critically discusses the limitations and environmental risks associated with conventional synthetic fungicide applications. By focusing on biological control agents (BCAs) as a sustainable alternative within Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the paper sets a crucial agenda for developing environmentally friendlier disease management strategies, specifically reviewing the efficacy of *Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma spp.*, and *Cladosporium spp.*. The review outlines the primary mechanisms through which these BCAs exert their suppressive effects against *P. horiana*, encompassing antibiosis, parasitism, competition for resources, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). The abstract indicates that existing research consistently demonstrates the potential of BCAs to reduce infection severity and promote plant growth. However, it also judiciously acknowledges the critical challenges that temper their widespread adoption, such as variability in effectiveness due to environmental conditions, formulation stability issues, and the need for greater farmer acceptance. This balanced perspective is crucial for understanding the practical hurdles in translating laboratory findings into field applications. Crucially, the abstract provides clear and actionable recommendations for advancing the field. It emphasizes the necessity of identifying locally adapted isolates, developing improved formulation technologies to enhance stability and efficacy, and conducting rigorous multi-location trials to ensure consistent performance under diverse field conditions. Beyond technological advancements, the review rightly stresses the indispensable role of policy support and active farmer participation in scaling up the use of BCAs. Such holistic strategies are vital for overcoming adoption barriers and ultimately realizing the potential of biological control to foster sustainable chrysanthemum production, thereby contributing significantly to both economic stability and environmental stewardship in the floricultural sector.

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