METALLA

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Materials

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Explore METALLA for comprehensive insights into metals, their unique properties, diverse applications, and the latest advancements in materials science and engineering.

Articles in this Journal

The Ur workshop was organized to discuss the progress and preliminary results of the ongoing research project. The first results obtained in several sub-studies on the materials from Ur are promising and are presented in the following arti...

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Golden Artifacts from the Royal Tombs of Ur, Mesopotamia

Visual inspection of the gold artifacts from Ur shows that there are variations of color and this should be to be expected with gold alloys: The gold objects of Ur appear yellowish, whitish and reddish with changing tints. Details of color...

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Objects from the Ur collection of the British Museum Sampling and Analytical Investigations

In addition to the material from the Penn Museum, which was already accessible in generous volume, access was requested to The British Museum to its portion of the Ur material from the Royal Cemetery. The aim was to supplement the material...

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Where Does the Gold from the Cemetery of Ur Come From? – Provenancing Gold Sources Using Analytical Methods

The focus of our analysis is on the richly decorated Early Dynastic Royal Tombs. These graves are mixed in date and grouped here as  Akkadian to Ur III period. Twelve additional objects are without stratified contextual information an...

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Technologies of Jewelry at Ur: the Physics & Metaphysics of Skilled Crafting

In this brief examination of Pu-abi’s jewelry, several technical aspects must reiterated and stressed because they have as much conceptual as technological significance. The goldsmith must have been an expert at his or her craft. As one ha...

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Technological Aspects of Selected Gold Objects from Ur - Preliminary Results and Perspectives

The focus of this paper is to present preliminary results of a study of selected goldwork from the Royal Cemetery of Ur focusing on the technological aspects. This work offers a first glance on the large variety of fine metalworking techni...

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Ur, Mesopotamia: The Lead Metal from Pit X

Three complete bottle-wrapped seal combinations were found in the various Ur collections: Two in the Penn Museum’s collection, and a third one in the Birmingham Museum’s collection from Ur. The two museums permitted the sampling of lead me...

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Analytical Investigations on Silver, Copper and the Earliest Tin Bronzes from Ur

The present study is focused on the investigation of metal objects: particularly copper, arsenical copper, copper-tin alloys and silver objects excavated at the cemetery of Earl Bronze Age Ur in Mesopotamia. A key to understand economic an...

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Do Australian 19th Century Gold Discoveries have Implications for Interpreting Early Gold Mining Elsewhere?

Eight discovery histories of well-documented Australian goldfields indicate the bonanza recoveries available to “first-movers” into previously unmined areas. These have implications for how we interpret goldfields elsewhere that have been...

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The Making of Roman Lead Ingots. Their Casting by Experiment and the Archaeological Evidence

Casting experiments in Brilon-Hoppecke (North Rhine-Westfalia, Germany) in 2011 and 2012 as well as in 2015 aimed to reconstruct  the production of Roman lead ingots with the help of archaeological experiments on the one hand; on the...

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Roman Lead Finds from Troesmis (Turcoaia, Tulcea County, Romania) and Its Surroundings – an Investigation Based on Lead Isotopes and Trace Element Analyses

Lead samples and one leaded bronze sample from five identifiable objects (e.g. large-scale bronze statues, lead pipes) and three lead  chunks from the area of the ancient center of Troesmis, in the Moesia Inferior province, have been...

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Looking for Ancient Metalworking Sites of Luristan (Western Iran): a Preliminary Archaeometallurgical Approach

The region of Luristan in the Zagros Mountains (western Iran) is known worldwide for its skilled and enigmatic ancient metal production, in particular its “Luristan Bronzes” dated to the Bronze and Iron Ages. At the crossroads between the...

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Prehistoric Copper Mining Between Hohe Salve and Hahnenkamm: First Results of Mining Archaeological Surveys in the Brixental and the Grattenbergl/Kirchbichl (North Tyrol, Austria)

The Brixental was an important connecting area between the Bronze and Iron Age copper mining districts of Schwaz-Brixlegg in the west and Kitzbühel-Jochberg in the east. For this reason, the mining landscape of the Brixental, which has bee...