Retno Kurniawati, Mochamad Rizal Maulana

Tipe Anemia Berdasarkan Indeks Eritrosit Pasien Inpartu di RSUD K.R.T. Setjonegoro Wonosobo Tahun 2022

Introduction

Tipe anemia berdasarkan indeks eritrosit pasien inpartu di rsud k.r.t. Setjonegoro wonosobo tahun 2022. Penelitian tipe anemia (normositik, mikrositik, makrositik) berdasarkan indeks eritrosit pada pasien inpartu di RSUD Wonosobo tahun 2022. Penting untuk antisipasi komplikasi persalinan.

Abstract

Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu adalah anemia akibat perubahan hematologis selama masa kehamilan. Pemeriksaan indeks eritrosit sebelum proses persalinan (inpartu) perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tipe anemia sehingga dapat mengantisipasi komplikasi persalinan dan menentukan penanganan yang tepat. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi nilai indeks eritrosit meliputi usia pasien, jumlah paritas, usia kehamilan, jarak kehamilan, serta asupan nutrisi dan zat besi (Fe). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe anemia berdasarkan nilai indeks eritrosit pada pasien inpartu di RSUD K.R.T. Setjonegoro Wonosobo Periode Januari–Desember Tahun 2022. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data sejumlah 135 sampel diperoleh dari rekam medis dan hasil pemeriksaan darah rutin (MCV,MCH, dan MCHC). Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan IBM Statistics SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe anemia didominasi oleh normositik normokromik 62,2%, mikrositik hipokromik 37,0%, dan makrositik normokromik 0,7%. Pasien dengan usia berisiko didominasi normositik normokromik 65,6%, sedangkan usia tidak berisiko didominasi normositik normokromik 61,2%. Pasien dengan jumlah paritas berisiko didominasi normositik normokromik 78,6%, sedangkan usia tidak berisiko didominasi normositik normokromik 57,9%.

Review

This study, titled "Tipe Anemia Berdasarkan Indeks Eritrosit Pasien Inpartu di RSUD K.R.T. Setjonegoro Wonosobo Tahun 2022," addresses a clinically significant issue: the classification of anemia types in in-partu patients. Anemia during pregnancy is a known contributor to maternal mortality, making the timely and accurate identification of its type crucial for preventing complications and guiding appropriate management. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, the researchers analyzed data from 135 in-partu patients at a specific hospital over a year, drawing information from medical records and routine blood tests (MCV, MCH, MCHC). The key finding reveals a prevalence pattern dominated by normocytic normochromic anemia (62.2%), followed by microcytic hypochromic (37.0%), and a small percentage of macrocytic normochromic anemia (0.7%). The study also notes that normocytic normochromic anemia was predominant across both at-risk and non-at-risk age and parity groups. While the descriptive approach effectively establishes the local prevalence of anemia types, the study's methodology presents certain limitations and areas for deeper exploration. The use of purposive sampling, though practical, may introduce selection bias, and a more robust sampling strategy could enhance generalizability. A significant gap lies in the descriptive nature of the findings concerning the factors influencing erythrocyte indices, which were introduced in the abstract but not thoroughly analyzed in relation to the specific anemia types. For instance, while normocytic normochromic anemia is found to dominate, the study does not delve into its potential etiologies (e.g., acute blood loss, chronic disease, renal issues), which are critical for targeted intervention. Similarly, for microcytic hypochromic anemia, further investigation into iron status (e.g., ferritin levels) would provide a more complete clinical picture beyond just erythrocyte indices. The presented analysis primarily relies on percentages, and the abstract does not indicate whether inferential statistics were employed to assess the significance of associations between demographic factors and anemia types. Despite these points, the study offers valuable baseline data on anemia classification among in-partu patients in the Wonosobo region, serving as an important local reference for clinical practice. The high prevalence of normocytic normochromic anemia warrants further investigation into its underlying causes to ensure appropriate patient care. Future research should build upon these findings by employing analytical designs to identify specific risk factors for different anemia types, and by incorporating a broader range of diagnostic tests (e.g., serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate) to ascertain the exact etiologies. Additionally, exploring the relationship between the identified anemia types and maternal and neonatal outcomes would provide a more comprehensive understanding of their clinical significance. This study provides a foundational step, highlighting the ongoing need for rigorous diagnostic protocols and targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of anemia in peripartum care.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.