Hamad Setiawan, Rurul Fadilah, Siti Rahmawati, Budi Pratama, Rina Kartika

Self-esteem and its determinants among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Subang, Indonesia

Introduction

Self-esteem and its determinants among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in subang, indonesia. Explore self-esteem determinants in pulmonary TB patients in Subang, Indonesia. This study examines the impact of stigma, social support, and economic burden on psychological well-being.

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) significantly affects not only physical health but also the psychological well-being of patients. Self-esteem is a critical aspect of psychological health that influences treatment adherence and recovery. However, limited research has explored the determinants of self-esteem among TB patients in resource-limited settings like Subang, Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing self-esteem in pulmonary TB patients, focusing on stigma, social support, and economic burden. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 150 pulmonary TB patients from Subang, Indonesia. Data were collected using validated instruments to measure self-esteem, stigma, social support, and economic burden. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were conducted to identify significant predictors of self-esteem. Results: The mean self-esteem score among participants was 15.4, indicating moderate self-esteem. Stigma was the strongest negative predictor of self-esteem (β = -0.62, p < 0.001), followed by economic burden (β = -0.43, p < 0.001). Social support showed a positive association with self-esteem (β = 0.54, p < 0.001). Demographic variables such as age, employment status, and marital status also influenced self-esteem but to a lesser extent. Conclusion: Self-esteem in TB patients is significantly influenced by stigma, social support, and economic burden. Addressing these factors through integrated care models that reduce stigma, provide financial assistance, and enhance social networks can improve psychological outcomes and treatment adherence among TB patients.

Review

This study addresses a crucial yet under-researched area concerning the psychological well-being of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, specifically focusing on self-esteem in a resource-limited setting like Subang, Indonesia. The authors effectively highlight the gap in understanding the determinants of self-esteem among this vulnerable population, where TB not only inflicts physical debilitation but also carries significant social and economic repercussions. The cross-sectional design, involving 150 patients and utilizing validated instruments, provides a valuable snapshot of the current situation and is appropriate for identifying associations between self-esteem and various psychosocial factors. The explicit focus on stigma, social support, and economic burden is particularly relevant given the socio-cultural context often associated with TB. The research yields compelling results that underscore the complex interplay of factors influencing self-esteem in TB patients. The finding of moderate self-esteem among participants sets a baseline for further intervention. Crucially, the study identifies stigma as the strongest negative predictor (β = -0.62), a finding that resonates with established literature on chronic and communicable diseases. Similarly, the significant negative impact of economic burden (β = -0.43) and the positive role of social support (β = 0.54) are well-articulated, offering clear pathways for intervention. The use of robust statistical analyses (correlation and regression) lends credibility to these findings, allowing for strong conclusions regarding the predictive power of these core psychosocial variables. The conclusions drawn from this study are highly actionable and possess significant practical implications for public health initiatives and patient care. The call for integrated care models that explicitly address stigma reduction, provide financial assistance, and enhance social networks is a timely and evidence-based recommendation. Such interventions are vital not only for improving psychological outcomes but, as the authors suggest, also for potentially enhancing treatment adherence, which is critical for successful TB eradication efforts. Future research could build upon these findings by exploring the effectiveness of such integrated interventions in a longitudinal design, investigating specific types of social support most beneficial, or delving deeper into cultural nuances of stigma in different Indonesian settings. This study serves as an important foundation for improving holistic care for TB patients in Indonesia and similar global contexts.

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