Sari Sekar Ningrum, Annisa Yuliana Angeline, Muhamad Sofi Ardani, Zhilal Shadiq

Potential of Pedada Fruit as A Renewable Energy and Climate Mitigation Source in Indonesia: A Review

Introduction

Potential of pedada fruit as a renewable energy and climate mitigation source in indonesia: a review. Discover pedada fruit's potential as a sustainable bioethanol source and for climate mitigation in Indonesia. This mangrove biomass offers renewable energy and supports conservation efforts.

Abstract

Indonesia has one of the largest mangrove ecosystems in the world, which provides important ecological functions such as coastal protection, biodiversity support, and climate mitigation. Among various mangrove species, Sonneratia sp. (pedada fruit) has attracted attention due to its high carbohydrate content, making it a promising biomass source for renewable energy production. This study aims to evaluate the potential of pedada fruit as a raw material for bioethanol production and its contribution to climate change mitigation in Indonesia through a comprehensive literature review. This review analyzed approximately 50 scientific articles, conference proceedings, and research reports related to mangrove biomass utilization, bioethanol production processes, and the environmental benefits of mangrove ecosystems. The results showed that pedada fruit contains approximately 59% carbohydrates along with lignocellulosic components such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, which are suitable for conversion into bioethanol through pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation processes, and can be applied in Indonesia with its large number of mangroves. Bioethanol production from mangrove fruit can follow second- to fourth-generation bioethanol technologies, depending on the processing approach used. In addition to providing renewable energy, utilizing mangrove fruit as a bioethanol feedstock can encourage community participation in mangrove conservation and restoration efforts. Therefore, mangrove fruit has significant potential as a sustainable, renewable energy source while also supporting climate mitigation strategies and coastal ecosystem management in Indonesia.

Review

This review article, titled 'Potential of Pedada Fruit as A Renewable Energy and Climate Mitigation Source in Indonesia: A Review,' meticulously examines the multifaceted promise of *Sonneratia sp.* (pedada fruit) within Indonesia's extensive mangrove ecosystems. The authors aim to consolidate existing literature to evaluate the fruit's viability as a raw material for bioethanol production and its broader contribution to climate change mitigation strategies in the region. By focusing on a specific, underutilized biomass source from a crucial ecological habitat, the study positions itself at the intersection of renewable energy, ecological sustainability, and local community engagement, highlighting Indonesia's unique position with one of the largest mangrove coverages globally. The review's methodology involved a comprehensive synthesis of approximately 50 scientific articles, conference proceedings, and research reports, providing a robust foundation for its conclusions regarding mangrove biomass utilization and bioethanol production. Key findings highlight that pedada fruit possesses an impressive carbohydrate content of approximately 59%, alongside essential lignocellulosic components. This chemical profile makes it highly suitable for conversion into bioethanol through established processes such as pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation, leveraging second- to fourth-generation bioethanol technologies. Beyond its direct application as a renewable energy feedstock, the review compellingly argues that utilizing pedada fruit can simultaneously foster community participation in critical mangrove conservation and restoration efforts, thereby serving as a dual-purpose strategy for energy security and ecological resilience. While the review effectively synthesizes the promising technical potential of pedada fruit for bioethanol production and its clear environmental benefits, a more detailed discussion on the economic viability, supply chain logistics, and scalability of such operations in diverse Indonesian contexts would strengthen its propositions. Considerations regarding sustainable harvesting methods to prevent overexploitation of mangrove resources, and a comparative techno-economic analysis against other established or emerging biomass feedstocks, could provide further depth for policy makers and investors. Nevertheless, this review serves as a valuable resource, consolidating disparate information and clearly articulating the significant, yet often overlooked, potential of pedada fruit as a sustainable, renewable energy source that intrinsically links to broader climate mitigation and coastal ecosystem management goals for Indonesia. It effectively lays the groundwork for future empirical studies and policy considerations.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.