New fossiliferous locality from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) from northern Patagonia, with the description of a new titanosaur
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Federico Agnolin, Matías Motta, Jordi García Marsá, Mauro Aranciaga Rolando, Gerardo Alvarez Herrera, Nicolás Chimento, Sebastián Rozadilla, Federico Brizzon-Egli, Mauricio Cerroni, Karen Panzeri, Sergio Bogan, Silvio Casadio, Juliana Sterli, Sergio Miquel, Sergio Martínez, Leandro Perez, Diego Pol, Fernando Novas

New fossiliferous locality from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) from northern Patagonia, with the description of a new titanosaur

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Introduction

New fossiliferous locality from the anacleto formation (late cretaceous, campanian) from northern patagonia, with the description of a new titanosaur. Nueva localidad fósil en Formación Anacleto (Cretácico Superior, Patagonia) revela fauna única, destacando un nuevo titanosaurio rinconsáurido.

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Abstract

Resumen. En la presente contribución se describe una nueva asociación de vertebrados e invertebrados fósiles provenientes de una localidad fosilífera previamente desconocida de la Formación Anacleto (Campaniano, Cretácico Superior), cerca de la ciudad de General Roca, provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Los especímenes fueron recolectados en un mismo nivel estratigráfico incluyendo bivalvos y gasterópodos, entres estos últimos el primer registro fósil de la familia Neocyclotidae y el primer registro fósil de la familia Megalomastomatidae y el primer registro indudable del subulínido Leptinaria. Los vertebrados están representados por peces (lepisostéidos y el dipnoo Metaceratodus kaopen), tortugas quélidas, un pterosaurio indeterminado, una mandíbula de mamífero meridioléstido, una placa de un crocodyliformes y dinosaurios, incluyendo abelisáuridos indeterminados y un nuevo titanosaurio rinconsaúrido. Este último está representado por varios individuos pertenecientes a una forma de tamaño pequeño y miembros relativamente gráciles. El análisis filogenético recupera un Rinconsauria monofilético que incluye al nuevo taxón, así como Rinconsaurus, Pitekunsaurus, Overosaurus y Muyelensaurus. El nuevo titanosaurio indica que los rinconsáuridos formaban un clado caracterizado por una morfología corporal diferente a la de otros titanosaurios, con una postura del tipo braquiosaurio, miembros gráciles y cola con curvatura protónica. El conjunto faunístico se caracteriza por la abundancia, pero baja diversidad, de tortugas quélidas y un número muy reducido de crocodyliformes. Esta composición taxonómica recuerda a otras asociaciones faunísticas del Cretácico tardío del norte de la Patagonia, pero difiere notablemente de los conjuntos conocidos para el Campaniano de América del Norte y Europa.


Review

This paper presents a significant paleontological discovery from a new fossiliferous locality within the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) in northern Patagonia, Argentina. The primary contribution is the description of a diverse vertebrate and invertebrate assemblage, notably including a new rinconsaurid titanosaur. This new locality near General Roca greatly expands our understanding of Campanian biodiversity in this region, offering a rich snapshot of an ancient ecosystem. The careful identification and description of the various fossil groups, from mollusks to dinosaurs, lay a strong foundation for future paleoecological and biostratigraphic studies. The detailed analysis of the faunal elements reveals several key insights. Among the invertebrates, the first fossil records for the gastropod families Neocyclotidae and Megalomastomatidae, and the subulinid *Leptinaria*, are particularly noteworthy, expanding the known paleobiodiversity of these groups. The vertebrate assemblage is impressive, encompassing fishes (lepisosteids, the lungfish *Metaceratodus kaopen*), chelid turtles, an indeterminate pterosaur, a meridiolestid mammal mandible, a crocodyliform plate, and dinosaurs. The highlight is undoubtedly the new rinconsaurid titanosaur, represented by multiple individuals, characterized by its small size, relatively gracile limbs, a brachiosaur-like posture, and a tail with protonic curvature. This unique morphology, confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis supporting a monophyletic Rinconsauria (including *Rinconsaurus*, *Pitekunsaurus*, *Overosaurus*, and *Muyelensaurus*), suggests a distinct adaptive strategy within this titanosaurian clade. Beyond the description of individual taxa, the paper offers crucial paleoecological and biogeographical perspectives. The faunal composition, marked by an abundance of chelid turtles and a limited diversity of crocodyliforms, shows strong affinities with other Late Cretaceous faunas from northern Patagonia. This contrasts sharply with coeval assemblages from North America and Europe, highlighting the distinctive evolutionary trajectory of South American ecosystems during the Campanian. The discovery of this new titanosaur, with its particular body plan, further enriches our understanding of the morphological diversity and evolutionary pathways within Titanosauria. This work represents a valuable contribution to Southern Hemisphere paleontology, providing critical data for reconstructing ancient environments and understanding macroevolutionary patterns.


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