Isabel Olmos Parés

Los ajustes razonables por razón de discapacidad y enfermedad, a propósito de la STJUE de 18 de enero de 2024

Introduction

Los ajustes razonables por razón de discapacidad y enfermedad, a propósito de la stjue de 18 de enero de 2024. Analiza ajustes razonables por discapacidad y enfermedad en el empleo. Tras STJUE 18/01/2024 y Ley 15/2022, explora la reforma del art. 49 e) ET español sobre extinción laboral. Implicaciones clave.

Abstract

Con ocasión de la STJUE de 18 de enero de 2024, en el conocido caso Ca Na Negreta SA, donde se analiza el régimen jurídico de la extinción automática del contrato de trabajo por causa en la incapacidad permanente total del trabajador, conforme dispone el art. 49 e) del Estatuto de los trabajadores español, exonerando a la empresa de su obligación de realizar los ajustes razonables, el trabajo analiza el concepto de ajustes razonables en relación a la discapacidad, pero también a la enfermedad, tras la Ley 15/2022, que ha incluido en su ámbito de aplicación a la enfermedad como causa de discriminación y, aborda también la reforma proyectada por el gobierno en relación al art. 49 e) del ET, en orden a exigir en estos casos, los ajustes razonables, como son la adaptación o cambio de puesto de trabajo.

Review

The article "Los ajustes razonables por razón de discapacidad y enfermedad, a propósito de la STJUE de 18 de enero de 2024" offers a highly pertinent and critical analysis of reasonable adjustments in the context of disability and illness within Spanish labor law. Prompted by the significant CJUE judgment of January 18, 2024, in the *Ca Na Negreta SA* case, the author incisively examines the controversial provision of Article 49 e) of the Spanish Workers' Statute, which allows for the automatic termination of employment contracts due to a worker's total permanent incapacity. A central theme of the work is the inherent conflict arising from this provision, as it has historically absolved employers from their obligation to implement reasonable adjustments, a stance now under intense scrutiny. The article comprehensively dissects the concept of reasonable adjustments, notably extending its scope beyond traditional disability to explicitly include illness, a critical development influenced by Spain's Ley 15/2022, which recognizes illness as a ground for discrimination. This expansion is pivotal, especially when considering the implications of the *Ca Na Negreta SA* ruling on the interplay between a worker's health status and employer responsibilities. Furthermore, the author meticulously addresses the proposed government reforms targeting Article 49 e) ET. These projected changes aim to mandate reasonable adjustments, such as job adaptation or reassignment, even in cases of permanent incapacity, thereby signifying a crucial shift towards aligning national legislation with broader European anti-discrimination principles. This contribution is remarkably timely and significant, providing a robust examination of a complex and evolving area of labor law, bridging European and national jurisprudence. By connecting a landmark CJEU decision with specific Spanish legal provisions and anticipated reforms, the article offers invaluable insights for legal scholars, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the dynamic landscape of worker protection and anti-discrimination. It not only clarifies the current understanding of reasonable adjustments for both disability and illness but also offers a forward-looking perspective on essential legislative reforms required to foster greater equity and non-discrimination in the workplace. Its analysis is both academically rigorous and practically relevant, making it an indispensable resource for those interested in the progressive development of social and labor rights.

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