Abdurrahman Assel, Iswan Dunggio, Sukirman Rahim

Konvergensi Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup (IKLH) Provinsi di Indonesia Tahun 2017 - 2023

Introduction

Konvergensi indeks kualitas lingkungan hidup (iklh) provinsi di indonesia tahun 2017 - 2023. Analisis konvergensi Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup (IKLH) di provinsi-provinsi Indonesia 2017-2023. Temukan tren WQI, AQI, LCQ & kecepatan konvergensi lingkungan.

Abstract

This study examines whether environmental quality across Indonesian provinces is converging or diverging. We analyze the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its three components (Water Quality Index (WQI), Air Quality Index (AQI), and Land Cover Quality Index (LCQ))across 34 provinces from 2017 to 2023 using sigma and beta convergence methods. Using panel data analysis, the coefficient of variation calculations show a two-period pattern. The EQI gap widened in 2017–2019, while after 2019 the gap began to narrow, this case indicating improving equity in environmental quality after RPJMN 2020–2024 implementation. The results of the beta convergence test show that provinces with low EQI values ​​tend to experience faster improvement, for EQI overall, with convergence speed of 24.53% annually and half-life of 2.83 years. However, if an analysis of each component is carried out, it is revealed that WQI is the component with the fastest convergence (λ=31.95%) while AQI is the slower component (λ=19.66%) compared to WQI, while LCQ shows divergence (β=+0.0071, not significant).

Review

This study addresses a highly relevant question concerning the spatio-temporal dynamics of environmental quality across Indonesian provinces from 2017 to 2023. By examining the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its constituent parts—Water Quality Index (WQI), Air Quality Index (AQI), and Land Cover Quality Index (LCQ)—the authors employ established sigma and beta convergence methods using panel data analysis. The core objective is to ascertain whether environmental quality gaps among provinces are narrowing or widening. The findings suggest a complex picture, with an initial widening of the EQI gap, followed by a period of narrowing post-2019, which the authors attribute to the implementation of Indonesia's RPJMN 2020–2024. A significant strength of this research lies in its disaggregated analysis of environmental quality, moving beyond the aggregate EQI to assess individual components. This granular approach provides valuable insights, revealing that while overall EQI shows beta convergence with a substantial annual speed of 24.53% and a rapid half-life of 2.83 years, the underlying dynamics vary considerably. The identification of WQI as the fastest converging component (λ=31.95%) and AQI as slower (λ=19.66%) offers critical information for targeted policy interventions. Furthermore, the two-period pattern observed in the sigma convergence analysis, highlighting an improvement in equity after 2019, strongly supports the notion that national development plans can effectively influence environmental outcomes across diverse regions. While the study offers robust findings for overall EQI, WQI, and AQI, the results concerning the Land Cover Quality Index (LCQ) warrant further in-depth discussion. The abstract indicates divergence (β=+0.0071), albeit "not significant," which implies a lack of statistically robust convergence or divergence. This particular finding stands in contrast to the other components and demands a more thorough exploration of its underlying causes and policy implications within the main text. Additionally, while the link to RPJMN 2020–2024 is compelling, the paper could benefit from further outlining specific policy recommendations tailored to address the slower convergence of AQI and the distinct behavior of LCQ, potentially drawing on specific programs within the RPJMN that might explain these differential trends.

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