Rosliana Ernida, Vonny Khresna Dewi, Tri Tunggal, Yuniarti Yuniarti

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU BERSALIN

Introduction

Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu bersalin. Temukan faktor terkait preeklampsia pada ibu bersalin di RSUD Pambalah Batung: usia ibu, paritas, riwayat hipertensi, dan preeklampsia. Studi kasus-kontrol.

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that occurs in about 3-8% of all pregnancies. The incidence of preeclampsia at Pambalah Batung Regional Hospital in 2024 was 10.65%. Several factors that increase the incidence of preeclampsia include maternal age, parity, history of hypertension, and history of preeclampsia. Objective: . To find out the factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia in mothers giving birth at Pambalah Batung Regional Hospital in 2024. Methods: This study design was an observational analytical study with a case-control sample. The sampling technique used simple random sampling with a ratio of 258 cases: 258 controls. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test and dan Odss Ratio. Results: There were 258 mothers (50.0%) experienced preeclampsia. A total of 143 mothers (27.7%) were at risk (<20 years or >35 years). A total of 148 respondents (28.7%) had a parity at risk (1 child or more than 3 children). A total of 112 mothers (21.7%) had a history of chronic hypertension. A total of 127 mothers (24.6%) had a history of preeclampsia. Conclusion: There was a correlation between maternal age (P 0.002, OR 1,835), parity (P 0.011, OR 1,643), history of chronic hypertension (P 0.010, OR 1,741), and history of preeclampsia (P=0.011, OR 1,695) with the incidence of preeclampsia at Pambalah Batung Regional Hospital. Pambalah Batung Regional Public Hospital can develop strategies and evaluations to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia.

Review

This paper addresses a highly pertinent clinical issue, preeclampsia, which remains a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, as acknowledged in the abstract. The study's focus on identifying local risk factors associated with preeclampsia at Pambalah Batung Regional Hospital is commendable, providing valuable context-specific data. The use of an observational analytical case-control design with a substantial sample size (258 cases and 258 controls) lends credibility to its findings, and the application of appropriate statistical methods like Chi-Square and Odds Ratio strengthens the analytical rigor. The abstract clearly outlines the background, objectives, methods, key results, and conclusion, making the study's scope and contributions readily apparent. While the methodology is generally sound, some aspects could benefit from further clarification. Specifically, the description of 'simple random sampling with a ratio of 258 cases: 258 controls' could be elaborated to ensure clarity on how cases and controls were independently selected from the source population, particularly in a case-control setting. Additionally, the results section presents combined percentages (e.g., "143 mothers (27.7%) were at risk") without immediately differentiating between case and control groups, which would enhance readability and the immediate understanding of the distribution of risk factors. Furthermore, the objective mentions "incidence of preeclampsia at Pambalah Batung Regional Hospital in 2024," which, if the study was conducted within 2024, implies real-time or very recent data collection, potentially affecting generalizability if the year is still ongoing during the study period. Despite these minor points, the study offers significant insights by confirming well-established risk factors for preeclampsia—maternal age, parity, history of chronic hypertension, and history of preeclampsia—within a specific local context. The calculated Odds Ratios provide a quantitative measure of risk, which is highly useful for clinical practice and public health planning. These findings offer concrete evidence to support the Pambalah Batung Regional Hospital in developing targeted strategies and evaluations to mitigate the incidence of preeclampsia, aligning with the study's ultimate recommendation. Future research could expand upon these findings by exploring the interaction between these risk factors, evaluating the effectiveness of specific screening or intervention programs, or conducting similar studies in different regional hospitals to assess broader applicability of these identified risk factors.

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