Zulianti Zulianti, Nelly Tiurmida

Dampak Penggunaan Alsintan Pada Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Kalurahan Jambidan Kapanewon Banguntapan

Introduction

Dampak penggunaan alsintan pada kondisi sosial ekonomi petani kalurahan jambidan kapanewon banguntapan. Analisis dampak Alsintan pada sosial ekonomi petani & buruh tani di Jambidan. Mesin pertanian tingkatkan efisiensi & laba petani, namun kurangi lapangan kerja serta pendapatan tenaga kerja pertanian.

Abstract

The community of Jambidan Village, Banguntapan Subdistrict, is predominantly engaged in rice farming. Farmers apply both traditional and modern rice planting and harvesting systems. The modern system utilizes agricultural machinery (Alsintan), such as rice transplanters for planting and combine harvesters for harvesting. This study aims to analyze the social and economic impacts of Alsintan utilization on farmers and farm laborers in Jambidan Village. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method. Informants were selected using purposive sampling and further expanded through snowball sampling, resulting in six informants consisting of Alsintan users, traditional farmers, and farm laborers. Data were analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured using triangulation techniques. The results indicate that the use of Alsintan provides significant economic benefits for farmers by increasing efficiency in labor and production costs. For every 1,000 m² of land, farmers using Alsintan save approximately Rp250,000. However, the adoption of mechanized tools also has adverse social and economic impacts on farm laborers, particularly a reduction in employment opportunities and income. The number of laborers required decreases from 13 to 6 workers per 1,000 m² in one planting cycle, resulting in a loss of employment for seven workers. This transformation contributes to the decline of traditional rice planting and harvesting systems and affects the social conditions of rural laborers. Keywords: Alsintan; Agricultur mechanization; Farm labor; Rural society; Socio-economic change

Review

This study, titled "Dampak Penggunaan Alsintan Pada Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Kalurahan Jambidan Kapanewon Banguntapan," investigates the socio-economic impacts of agricultural mechanization (Alsintan) on farmers and farm laborers in Jambidan Village, Indonesia. The research addresses a highly relevant issue concerning the dual effects of agricultural modernization, where the adoption of modern technologies often brings efficiency gains alongside significant social dislocations. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of these complex transformations within a specific rural context where both traditional and modern farming systems coexist. A notable strength of the research lies in its clear articulation of the contrasting impacts of Alsintan. The findings effectively demonstrate the economic benefits for farmers, who experience increased efficiency and substantial cost savings in labor and production, quantifying this at approximately Rp250,000 per 1,000 m² of land. Conversely, the study robustly highlights the adverse social and economic consequences for farm laborers, particularly the significant reduction in employment opportunities and income. The specific data, showing a decrease from 13 to 6 workers per 1,000 m² per planting cycle, vividly illustrates the displacement of seven workers and the consequent strain on rural livelihoods. The qualitative approach, utilizing purposive and snowball sampling complemented by data triangulation, appears well-suited to capture these intricate social dynamics. While the research provides valuable insights into the immediate socio-economic impacts, a potential limitation, common in qualitative studies, is the relatively small sample size of six informants, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to broader populations or other regions. Nevertheless, the study's implications are significant for policymakers tasked with managing agricultural transitions, underscoring the need for strategies to mitigate the negative effects on displaced laborers and preserve rural social cohesion. Future research could expand upon these findings by exploring long-term adaptation strategies for affected farm laborers, assessing the role of government support programs, or conducting comparative analyses across different agricultural landscapes to better inform sustainable rural development policies.

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