Davina Afifah Zahra, Witri Zuama Qomarania, Hosizah Hosizah, Tria Saras Pertiwi, Mieke Nurmalasari

Analisis Spasial Lokal Faktor Risiko Individu terhadap Kejadian ISPA Balita di Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk Wilayah

Introduction

Analisis spasial lokal faktor risiko individu terhadap kejadian ispa balita di kecamatan kebon jeruk wilayah. Analisis spasial lokal faktor risiko ISPA balita di Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian mengidentifikasi imunisasi, kebiasaan merokok, dan pendidikan ibu sebagai faktor kunci.

Abstract

Prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Indonesia among toddlers in 2024 was 52.7%, with West Jakarta Administrative City ranking second highest in DKI Jakarta Province. ARI is an upper respiratory tract infection influenced by infectious agents and various individual and environmental risk factors. Differences in risk factors have the potential to cause differences in ARI incidence between regions, requiring spatial analysis to identify the geographical correlation of disease incidence. This study aims to analyze the spatial correlation of ARI incidence in toddlers with risk factors between sub districts in the Kebon Jeruk Health Center working area in 2025. The study was conducted from August - September 2025, with a population of 16,344 children with ISPA and a sample of 109 children. Analyzed using Moran's I Global Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) using the GeoDa program. The global analysis revealed no spatial autocorrelation between the occurrence of ISPA in children and all the risk factors studied. However, local spatial analysis identified significant spatial autocorrelation between ISPA cases and the following risk factors incomplete immunization (p-value = 0,015) in Kebon Jeruk subdistrict, smoking habits of family members (p-value = 0,015) in Kedoya Selatan and Sukabumi Selatan subdistrict, and mother education level (p-value = 0,006) in Kelapa dua subdistrict.

Review

This study addresses a critically relevant public health issue in Indonesia, focusing on the high prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) among toddlers in West Jakarta. By employing spatial analysis techniques, the authors aim to uncover geographical correlations between individual risk factors and ARI incidence across various sub-districts within the Kebon Jeruk Health Center working area. The chosen methodology, utilizing Moran's I Global Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) with GeoDa, is appropriate for exploring spatial patterns and identifying areas with significant clustering, thereby offering valuable insights for targeted public health interventions. The ambition to move beyond general prevalence data to localized risk factor analysis is commendable and holds significant potential for improving child health outcomes. While the methodological approach is sound in principle, certain aspects warrant clarification. The abstract states a study population of 16,344 children with ISPA, from which a sample of 109 children was drawn. This sample size appears notably small relative to the population, especially for a spatial analysis seeking to identify specific clusters across multiple sub-districts. Further detail on how this sample was selected and how it represents the spatial distribution of ARI cases and associated risk factors across the study area would strengthen the study's generalizability and validity. Clarification on whether the spatial analysis was conducted at an individual case level or using aggregated data at the sub-district level, particularly given the mention of "individual risk factors" in the title versus analysis "between sub-districts," would also enhance understanding of the study's scope and precision. Despite the global analysis indicating no overall spatial autocorrelation, the study's strength lies in its local spatial analysis, which successfully identified significant clusters. The findings pinpoint specific risk factors—incomplete immunization in Kebon Jeruk, family smoking habits in Kedoya Selatan and Sukabumi Selatan, and mother's education level in Kelapa Dua—as spatially correlated with ARI incidence in distinct sub-districts. These actionable insights provide a robust foundation for developing highly localized and evidence-based public health programs. Future research could benefit from a larger, more spatially representative sample, a more detailed explanation of data collection and aggregation methods, and an exploration of the underlying mechanisms driving these localized correlations to further enhance the effectiveness of intervention strategies.

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