Nisa Hafi Idhoh Fitriana, Risqi Firdaus Setiawan

ANALISIS DAYA SAING EKSPOR KARET INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

Introduction

Analisis daya saing ekspor karet indonesia di pasar internasional. Temukan analisis daya saing ekspor karet Indonesia di pasar internasional. Penelitian ini mengungkap rendahnya daya saing komparatif dan spesialisasi Indonesia sebagai importir karet.

Abstract

Posisi Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara produsen karet terbesar di dunia, tidak menjadikan Indonesia sebagai eksportir utama karet di pasar internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing komparatif dan spesialisasi perdagangan karet Indonesia di pasar internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder periode 2012-2021 yang diperoleh dari Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) dan diolah menggunakan alat bantu Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas karet Indonesia memiliki daya saing komparatif yang rendah dan spesialisasi perdagangan sebagai importir karet di pasar internasional. Analisis RCA menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 0,380 yang menempatkan Indonesia pada posisi ketiga setelah Thailand dan Malaysia. Sedangkan analisis ISP menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia cenderung menjadi importir karet dengan nilai rata-rata -0.618 dan berada pada tahap substitusi impor.

Review

The paper "ANALISIS DAYA SAING EKSPOR KARET INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL" addresses a highly pertinent issue regarding Indonesia's position in the global rubber market. Given Indonesia's status as one of the largest global rubber producers, the investigation into why it is not a dominant exporter is crucial for both economic policy and agricultural development. The study's objective to analyze Indonesia's comparative advantage and trade specialization in international rubber markets is a fundamental first step in understanding the underlying challenges faced by the sector. This research provides a valuable preliminary assessment of a significant economic puzzle. Utilizing the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Trade Specialization Index (ISP) methods, the study employs secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) spanning 2012-2021. The findings are stark and thought-provoking: Indonesia's rubber commodities exhibit low comparative advantage and a surprising specialization as a net importer in the international market. Specifically, the average RCA value of 0.380 places Indonesia behind Thailand and Malaysia, indicating a significant competitive disadvantage. Furthermore, an average ISP value of -0.618 suggests that Indonesia is in an import substitution stage, tending towards becoming an importer rather than an exporter of rubber. These quantitative results clearly articulate the extent of the competitive challenges faced. The study's strength lies in its clear objective and the straightforward application of established trade indices (RCA and ISP) to present a concise snapshot of Indonesia's rubber export competitiveness. The data period and source are appropriate for this type of initial assessment. However, a significant limitation is the lack of deeper causal analysis. While the study effectively *reveals* the problem, it does not *explain* the factors contributing to Indonesia's low comparative advantage or its shift towards import specialization. Future research would greatly benefit from exploring the determinants of this competitiveness, such as productivity, quality, processing capabilities, logistics, or government policies. Incorporating specific policy recommendations based on a more comprehensive analysis would also enhance the practical utility and impact of the research. Despite this, the paper serves as an important foundational study, highlighting an urgent area for further investigation and policy intervention.

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