Ni Komang Ariati, Ni Wayan Bogoriani, I Wayan Suarsa, Oka Ratnayani, Putu Suarya

AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior) SEBAGAI HIPOLIPIDEMIA PADA TIKUS WISTAR OBES DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIFNYA

Introduction

aktivitas ekstrak bunga kecombrang (etlingera elatior) sebagai hipolipidemia pada tikus wistar obes dan identifikasi senyawa aktifnya. Ekstrak bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) hipolipidemia pada tikus Wistar obes. Menurunkan kolesterol & trigliserida, senyawa liliolide teridentifikasi, potensi atasi aterosklerosis.

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Tanaman kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) merupakan tanaman dari suku Zingiberaceae. Bagian tanaman yang umum digunakan adalah bunganya sebagai pemberi cita rasa masakan dan obat-obatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari asupan ekstrak bunga kecombrang terhadap metabolisme kolesterol dalam menghambat penyerapan lipid di usus sehingga menurunkan lipid plasma darah tikus wistar obes dan identifikasi senyawanya dengan LC-MS/MS. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah randomized post-test only kontrol group design pada tikus. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yaitu kontrol, perlakuan 1, perlakuan 2, dan perlakuan 3. Kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan makanan standar, perlakuan 1 diberikan makanan tinggi kolesterol, perlakuan 2 diberikan makanan tinggi kolesterol + 100 mg/KgBB/hari ekstrak bunga kecombrang, dan perlakuan 3 diberikan makanan tinggi kolesterol + 200 mg/KgBB/hari ekstrak bunga kecombrang. Setelah diperlakukan selama 28 hari, sampel plasma darah diambil untuk pemeriksaan kolesterol total, LDL, trigliserida, VLDL dan rasio kolesterol total/HDL. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ekstrak bunga kecombrang pada konsentrasi 100 mg/KgBB/hari dan 200 mg/KgBB/hari dapat berperan sebagai hipolipidemia melalui penurunkan kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, Trigliserida, rasio kolesterol total, dan meningkatkan kolesterol HDL plasma darah tikus yang diberi makanan tinggi kolesterol yang merupakan faktor resiko terbentuknya aterosklerosis. Berdasarkan analisis data LC-MS/MS ekstrak bunga kecombrang diduga mengandung senyawa liliolide.   ABSTRACT: The kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) or torch ginger plant is from the Zingiberaceae family. The part of the plant commonly used is the flower, which adds flavor to dishes and is used in medicines. This study aimed to determine the effect of torch ginger flower extract on cholesterol metabolism in inhibiting lipid absorption in the intestines, thereby reducing plasma lipid levels in obese Wistar rats, and to identify its compounds using LC-MS/MS. The research design used was a randomized post-test-only control group design on rats. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups: Control, Treatment 1, Treatment 2, and Treatment 3. The Control group was given standard foods, while Treatment 1 was fed with a high-cholesterol diet, Treatment 2  with a high-cholesterol diet + 100 mg/Kg body weight per day of torch ginger flower extract, and Treatment 3 with a high-cholesterol diet + 200 mg/Kg body weight per day of torch ginger flower extract. After being treated for 28 days, blood plasma samples were taken to examine the total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, VLDL, and the total cholesterol/HDL ratio. The study results showed that the extract of the kecombrang flower at concentrations of 100 mg/Kg body weight/day and 200 mg/Kg body weight/day could act as a hypolipidemic agent by lowering the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol ratio while increasing HDL cholesterol in the blood plasma of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, which was a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Based on the LC-MS/MS data analysis, the extract of the kecombrang flower was suspected to contain the compound liliolide.

Review

This study presents an investigation into the hypolipidemic activity of *Etlingera elatior* (torch ginger) flower extract in obese Wistar rats, addressing a highly relevant area in the search for natural remedies against dyslipidemia and its associated cardiovascular risks. The abstract clearly outlines the study's objective to assess the extract's impact on cholesterol metabolism, particularly its potential to inhibit intestinal lipid absorption, and to identify active compounds. The experimental design, utilizing a high-cholesterol diet to induce dyslipidemia and testing two distinct dosages of the extract, provides a systematic approach to evaluating its therapeutic potential. The reported reduction in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol ratio, alongside an increase in HDL, offers compelling preliminary evidence for the extract's beneficial effects. While the findings are promising, several aspects could benefit from further detail and clarification. The abstract mentions "obese Wistar rats"; however, it is not explicitly stated how obesity was induced or confirmed, or if the high-cholesterol diet alone was sufficient to establish obesity prior to the intervention period, rather than solely inducing dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the claim that the extract inhibits lipid absorption in the intestines is presented as an aim and a mechanism, yet the abstract does not describe any direct experimental data to support this specific mechanism, which would ideally be a core finding. The identification of "liliolide" as a "suspected" active compound via LC-MS/MS suggests that definitive structural confirmation and perhaps quantitative analysis are still pending, and a discussion of its known biological activities would enhance this finding. Including statistical significance levels (e.g., p-values) for the observed changes in lipid parameters would also strengthen the presentation of the results. In conclusion, this abstract outlines a valuable contribution to the field of natural product research, providing encouraging evidence for the hypolipidemic properties of *Etlingera elatior* flower extract. The study lays a solid foundation for further investigations, particularly in confirming the structure and bioactivity of liliolide or other active compounds, and rigorously elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action, such as direct inhibition of lipid absorption. Future studies should also consider a broader dose-response assessment, long-term efficacy, and potential toxicological profiles to advance this promising extract towards potential clinical applications in managing hyperlipidemia.

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